Differences in Career Decision Self-Efficacy according to the Motives for Major Selection among Dental Hygiene Students / 치위생과학회지

Background@#The purpose of this study was to confirm the major motivation for and self-efficacy of career decisions among dental hygiene students and to analyze differences in career decision self-efficacy according to the major motivation. @*Methods@#An online survey was conducted among 194 dental hygiene students. To investigate career decision self-efficacy, 18 questions were posed, including 5 questions on future planning, 4 questions on self-evaluation, 4 questions on job information collection, 3 questions on goal setting, and 2 questions on problem solving. The survey was conducted using a 5-point scale. @*Results@#The motives for choosing a major were a high employment rate (68.6%), a desire to become a professional (36.1%), according to aptitude (27.8%), recommendations by others (26.3%), and according to grades (12.9%). The career decision self-efficacy of the study participants was in the order of self-evaluation factors (3.75 points), problem solving factors a (3.62 points), job information collection factors (3.59 points), future planning factors (3.46 points), goal setting factors (3.44 points) score was high. The career decision self-efficacy scores were higher when the major motivation was “because I want to become a professional” and “because I think I have an aptitude for it.” @*Conclusion@#It is necessary to give students who wish to major in dental hygiene an opportunity to consider whether they have an aptitude for it by providing information on not only major subjects but also the duties and roles of dental hygienists. In addition, it is necessary to develop a career education program to help dental hygiene students set their career goals.

Radiography Work Performed by Dental Hygienists according to the Workplace Type / 치위생과학회지

Background@#Dental hygienists study dental radiology through the dental hygiene department and curriculum, and most of the radiography work in dental clinics is performed by dental hygienists; however, the legal work regulations for dental hygienists place restrictions on the type of radiography performed. This study aimed to identify the actual conditions of the radiographic work performed by dental hygienists and to determine the difference according to the type of hospital. @*Methods@#This study included 195 dental hygienists working at dental medical institutions in the metropolitan area. A survey was conducted on regarding the radiographic work performed and the clinical career of the main performers. The radiography work was divided into periapical radiography, bite-wing radiography, occlusal radiography, panoramic radiography, computed tomography (CT), and cephalometric radiography. @*Results@#The frequency of performing intraoral radiography was as follows: periapical radiography, 94.9%; bite-wing radiography, 93.8%; and occlusal radiography, 77.9%. The frequency of performing extraoral radiography was 94.4% for panoramic radiography, 89.7% for CT, and 73.3% for cephalometric radiography. The frequency of internal and external radiography performance was higher among hygienists in dental clinics than among those in dental hospitals and university hospitals. The analysis of the dental hygienists’ clinical experience in the areas of intraoral and extraoral radiography showed that those working at university hospitals, dental hospitals, and dental clinics had over 5 years, 2∼4 years, and 1 year of clinical experience, respectively. The hygienists with less than 1 year of clinical experience showed high performance frequency (p<0.05). @*Conclusion@#For the dental hygienists to perform radiography safely, a discussion regarding the revision of related laws and regulations is warranted.

Job Analysis by Department in Clinical Practice for Realization of Legal Scope of Dental Hygienists: Focusing on Conservation, Pediatric Dentistry, Prosthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Implant Departments / 치위생과학회지

Background@#The objective of the present study was to specifically divide the various work performed by dental hygienists in clinical practice for legal amendments regarding problems associated with conflict between job roles and illegal delegation to establish key basic data for legislation and policy utilization for realization of legal scope of dental hygienists. @*Methods@#The study used work reports drafted based on research methods in the “Second Job Analysis Report on Dental Hygienists” researched by the Korean Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute in 2012 and “Opinions of Dentists on Actual and Legal Work of Dental Hygienists,” a report published by the Korean Dental Hygienists Association. Of these, the study focused on conservation dentistry, pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and dental implant treatment, which make up some of the fields covered by dental hygiene practice, to investigate and analyzed work performed by clinical experience. @*Results@#Analysis of work actually performed in dental practice showed that for work related to 33 items presented in the study methods, the participants responded that they are currently performing such work or are likely to perform such work in the future, although there were differences by year. Investigation by type of workplace showed that dental hygienists working in university hospitals could perform the work presented if they had ≥5 years of dental hygienist experience, whereas dental hygienists working in dental clinics or hospitals could perform simple duties in their first year and performed more diverse duties with greater degree of difficulty after their second to fourth year. @*Conclusion@#The reality that medical assistance during surgical operations and various procedures that is still being performed is no longer legally protected directly contradicts the needs in dental practice, and thus, there is the need to amend laws that are realistic by clearly recognizing the work of dental hygienists.

A Study on the Effect and Related Factors of Self-Perceived Oral Health Awareness and Dental Care on Work Loss of Workers in the Capital Region / 치위생과학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-rated oral health status of industrial workers and influential factors for their work loss caused by dental care in an effort to prepare some information on policy setting about the promotion of the oral health of industrial workers and on the prevention of their oral diseases. The married industrial workers experienced work loss due to dental care more commonly than did the unmarried workers (χ²=5.10, p < 0.05). In addition, the workers who found themselves to be in worse health experienced significantly more work loss (χ²=29.69, p < 0.001). The workers who received treatment for oral diseases experienced significantly more work loss than those who did not receive treatment (χ²=14.60, p < 0.001). In addition, the workers who had oral symptoms requiring treatment experienced more work loss than the others who not (χ²=11.08, p < 0.01). The experience of not receiving treatment for a perceived oral disease was more dominant among the workers who found themselves to have an oral disease but did not receive treatment than among those who received treatment (p < 0.001). Regarding factors affecting the work loss of the industrial workers caused by dental care, the workers whose monthly mean income was larger and who found themselves to be in worse health had significantly more experience of absenting themselves from the office or of leaving work early (p < 0.001).

Clinical Significance of Anti-G Alloantibody and Serologic Interpretation Strategies for Patients with an Anti-C+D Pattern: First Report of Anti-G Alloantibody Identification in Korea

No abstract available.

Suggestion of Learning Objectives in Social Dental Hygiene: Oral Health Administration Area / 치위생과학회지

The purpose of this study is to propose learning objectives in social dental hygiene by analyzing and reviewing learning objectives in oral health administration area of the existing public oral health. This study is a cross-sectional study. The subjects of the study selected with convenience extraction were 15 members of the social dental hygiene subcommittee of the Korean Society of Dental Hygiene Science. Data collection was conducted by self-filling questionnaire. The research tool is from 48 items of A division in the book of learning objectives in the dental hygienist national examination, and this study classified each of them into ‘dental hygiene job relevance’, ‘dental hygiene competency relevance’, ‘timeliness’, and ‘value discrimination of educational goal setting’ to comprise 192 items. Also, to collect expert opinions, this study conducted Delphi survey on 7 academic experts. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 23.0 program (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Recoding was performed according to the degree of relevance of each learning objective and frequency analysis was performed. This study removed 18 items from the whole learning objectives in the dental hygienist national examination in the oral health administration area of public oral health. Fifteen revisions were made and 15 existing learning objectives were maintained. Forty-five learning objectives were proposed as new social dental hygiene learning objectives. The topics of learning objectives are divided into social security and medical assistance, oral health care system, oral health administration, and oral health policy. As a result of this study, it was necessary to construct the learning objectives of social dental hygiene in response to changing situation at the time. The contents of education should be revised in order of revision of learning objectives, development of competency, development of learning materials, and national examination.

Suggestions for Settlement Stable Employment Culture of Dental Hygienist / 치위생과학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine the causes of career interruptions among dental hygienists, institutional measures required for their long service and ways of creating a stable employment culture for them in determine how to resolve labor shortage, create stable jobs, and step up the reemployment of idle manpower. In addition, the following suggestions are made for the establishment of a stable employment culture for dental hygienists by analyzing related literature, research materials, and information such as forums for establishing appropriate jobs for female dental workers. First, a system should be set up to prevent career interruption among dental hygienists. The work environment should be improved to prevent career breaks, and the wages, working hours, and working style should be efficiently structured to maintain the tenure of employees. Second, a plan should be devised to make use of idle manpower, and a variety of necessary programs should be developed. With respect to regular working hours, the time conversion system should be used, which reduces the amount of time one would want to work while receiving a national subsidy. Third, dental hygienists working in different occupations for marriage, childbirth, childcare, school and personal hygiene should make a way to return to the dental system immediately when they want. Fourth, the government should take institutional measures and offer down-to-earth support and benefits for women consideration their social characteristics to guarantee a balance between work and childcare.

The Association between Types of Smoking and Periodontal Disease according to the Survey Year Using the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys / 치위생과학회지

There is little evidence on the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on prevalence of periodontal disease. The aims of this study were to explore the trends of prevalence of periodontal disease and types of exposure to smoke, including ETS according to the survey year, identify factors affecting periodontal disease, and compare the effect size of periodontal disease between active smokers and secondhand smokers. Data on 11,643 individuals were obtained from the fourth and fifth Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys. Information on exposure to ETS at home and work was self-reported. Severity of periodontal disease was evaluated using the community periodontal index. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to model periodontal disease using types of smoking and the survey year. Overall, the prevalence of periodontal disease was 26.0% (n=3,029) and about 9% of the study population were secondhand smokers. The prevalence of periodontal disease among smokers was significantly increased according to smoking types by year. Active smokers showed a statistically significant adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for having periodontal disease except in the year 2007, whereas secondhand smokers had significant associations only in 2010 (aOR, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 2.70) compared to non-smokers. For secondhand smokers, the statistical relationship of predicting periodontal disease was weaker than that of active smokers. However, ETS should separately be considered as an important risk factor for periodontal disease. This study suggested the need for further investigation of the impact of ETS on prevalence of periodontal disease using in-depth research designs and objective measurements for assessing periodontal disease and ETS.

A Case of D--/D-- Phenotype Associated with Moderate Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn / 대한수혈학회지

The very rare D--/D-- phenotype lacks C, c, E, e antigens with strong expression of the D antigen. A 31-year-old woman delivered her second baby, 3.6 kg girl at 38+4 weeks' gestation through repeat-Cesarean section. Her parents were not consanguineous. She had one artificial abortion, one Cesarean section with red blood cell transfusion and two spontaneous abortions. Her red cells were typed as O, D+C-c-E-e- and did not react with anti-Hr(o) (Rh 17). Her serum reacted with all of the screening cells and identification panel cells with strength of (++)~(+++). The baby was mildly jaundiced 12 hours after delivery. At 1 day after delivery, total bilirubin was 17.7 mg/dL, and direct and indirect antiglobulin tests were both positive. Phototherapy was immediately given for the baby but jaundice and anemia were worsened. Twenty six milliliter of the mother's whole blood was given twice to the baby after plasma depletion and leukocyte reduction. The baby showed improvement of jaundice and anemia, and discharged at hospital day 14. As far as we know, this is the third reported case of hemolytic disease of the newborn occurred in the D--/D-- mother with anti-Hr(o) in Korea, and the first case that was neither fatal nor treated with intensive medical care.

Detection of an AB(weak) Blood Group by Genotyping / 대한수혈학회지

Since precise ABO blood group typing is the most important part of a safe blood transfusion, the cause of an ABO discrepancy should be determined before issuing blood. The authors confirmed the ABO blood group of a 25-year-healthy male using genotyping method in those who showed an ABO blood group discrepancy between the cell and serum types. ABO typing, saliva test, adsorption elution test and serum transferase assay were performed and the presence of a weak B substance and B transferase was suspected without any evidence of the B antigen on red blood cells. Polymerase-chain-reaction restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was performed using the restriction enzymes including BstE II, Pvu II, BssH II, Alu I, and Mva I. The genotyping result showed a normal A allele and B allele. DNA analysis of exons 6 and 7 revealed normal A and B sequences. Therefore, we confirmed A(1)B(weak) blood type.

The Effects of Repeated Restraint Stress on the Synaptic Plasticity in the Inner Molecular Layer of Mouse Dentate Gyrus / 체질인류학회지

Stress induces degeneration of brain structures and functions. Particularly, hippocampus is sensitive to stressful stimulations. In the present study, the change of synaptic related molecules in the mouse dentate gyrus was examined with immunohistochemistry after restraint stress. We subjected mice to restraint stress for 6 h per day for 4 days. As a result, the number of Ki-67, a marker for proliferation, and doublecortin (DCX), a marker for neurogenesis, immunoreactive cells was decreased in the stress group. On the other hand, the intensity of calbindinD-28k, a marker of pre-existing granule cells, immunoreactivity was increased in the granule cell layer after 4 days restraint stress. As well as, the immunoreactivity of synaptic related molecules, postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), growth association protein-43 (GAP-43) and beta-NADPH-d reactivity were increased in the inner molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 4 days restraint stress. In conclusion, this study shows that repeated restraint stress suppresses neurogenesis in dentate gyrus and strengthens synaptic plasticity of existing granule cells.

First case of Anti-Wra antibody in Korea / 대한수혈학회지

Authors found anti-Wra antibody in a 44-year-old female patient with uterine myoma for the first time in Korea. Since anti-Wright antibodies have been implicated in hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn, Wra positive cells should be included in the antibody screening panel in Korea.

A case of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn due to Anti-Mi a Antibody / 대한수혈학회지

We report a case of hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-Mia (Miltenberger) antibody. Full term male infant was admitted due to hyperbilirubinemia on second day of life. Total serum bilirubin level was 8.6 mg/dL at 12 hours of age and 12.3 mg/dL at 24 hours of age. The blood group of patient and his mother were both RhD positive B type. Direct antiglobulin test was strongly positive in the patient, and testing of maternal serum and patient's serum against a red cell panel including cells known to carry the antigenic determinants of some Miltenberger phenotypes revealed the presence of anti-Mia . Testing of paternal red cells and patient's red cell against anti-Mia serum revealed positive reaction. This report documents the first case of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Mi a in Korea.

A Case of Ael: First report in Korea / 대한수혈학회지

We found a case of Ael for the first time in Korea. The patient was 28-year-old woman admitted for the delivery of her first baby. Patient's red cells were typed as O, while the serum typing was A. The red cells were agglutinated by anti-H, but not agglutinated by anti-A1 or anti-AB. Adsorption of anti-A by patient's RBC was confirmed on the adsorption-elution test. In the saliva, only H substance was demonstable. A substance was not demonstrated either in the serum or in the saliva. A transferase was not demonstrated in patient's serum. One of the patient's sister and her daughter, and the patient's son also had same Ael phenotype.

A Family with -D- Phenotype Associated with Fatal Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn / 대한수혈학회지

-D- is a very rare haplotype which determines D without C, c, E or e and exalted D activity. The extremely rare homozygote propositi(-D-/-D-) are usually ascertained through their immune antibodies which react with red cells of all common Rh phenotypes. Authors experienced a woman with -D- phenotype for the first time in Korea. She had a history of abortion and intrauterine fetal death. She delivered a baby with severe hemolytic disease of the newborn at the third pregnancy. In spite of intensive medical interventions, the baby died of hydrops fetalis. An immune antibody to high incidence Rh antigen, namely anti-Hro, was demonstrated in the woman's serum. Family study revealed that all of the family had -D- gene complex and one of her sisters also was -D-homozygote. The sister also had anti-Hro in the serum.